Use the guidelines below to help prepare for an OSHA inspection.
What triggers an OSHA inspection?
An OSHA inspection can be triggered by any of the following:
- Planned inspection
- Complaint
- National/local emphasis program (e.g., lead, amputations)
- Site-specific targeting program (high incident rate sites)
- Follow-up on a previous inspection
- Imminent danger
- Fatality
What comprises an OSHA inspection?
Recordkeeping
- OSHA 300 logs from the last five years (or records of work-related injuries and illnesses)
- OSHA 301 forms or incident reports
- Reports of fatalities and catastrophic events
- Annual summaries for the last five years
- Medical surveillance (e.g., hearing tests, respiratory)
- Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (and SDS books)
Documentation review
- Written safety compliance programs (e.g., HazComm, lockout/tagout, emergency procedures)
- Development of the written program
- Execution of the programs
- Employee training (e.g., orientation, refresher, attendance records, subject matter)
Site inspection
- Identify physical hazards
- Observe unsafe employee behavior
- Evaluate level of noncompliance with OSHA standards
- Employee interviews
- Labor representative
- Rank and file
- Management
What should I do if OSHA wants to inspect my worksite?
- Examine the inspector’s credentials.
- Ask for the purpose of the inspection. Has there been a complaint? OSHA can inspect a workplace if it has probable administrative cause for the inspection. Employers have the right to request an inspection warrant or negotiate for a limited scope for the inspection in exchange for their consent to an inspection without a warrant.
- Provide a room with privacy for the inspector.
- Determine how you will handle the inspection.
- Let the inspector in to proceed with the inspection, accompanied by the appropriate personnel.
- Inform appropriate production personnel (managers, supervisors) of the imminent inspection, advise them to quickly tour their areas and make “last minute” improvements (e.g., housekeeping, PPE).
- Someone who is familiar with your written programs and your facility should accompany the inspector at all times to ensure questions can be answered appropriately.
- If the inspector identifies any “quick fix” items, have them taken care of immediately or at least by the time the inspector returns.
- Take “before” and “after” photographs of every improvement made.
- If the inspector takes photographs or video, consider doing the same concurrently.
- If the inspector conducts noise or air monitoring, consider doing the same concurrently.
- Take detailed notes during the post-inspection conference; the inspector’s comments are likely to be items that might show up in citations.
What are OSHA’s violation classifications?
Violation
- De Minimis Violation
- Other-Than-Serious Violation
- Serious Violation: A violation where there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from an employer’s practice, method, operation or process. An employer is excused if it could not reasonably have known about the presence of the violation.
- Willful or Repeated Violation: A violation is willful when committed intentionally and knowingly. The employer must be aware that a hazardous condition exists, know that the condition violates an OSHA standard or other obligation, and make no reasonable effort to eliminate it. OR A violation is repeated when it is substantially similar to a violation that was already present in a previous citation.
- Willful Violation Resulting in Death of Employee
- Uncorrected Violation (failure to abate)
- Making false statements, representations or certification
- Violation of posting requirements
- Providing unauthorized advance notice of inspection
Current Penalty
- Warning
- Up to $13,260 per violation
- Up to $13,260 per violation
- Between $9,472 and $132,598 per violation
- Up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment for up to six months; penalties may double for a second or higher conviction
- Up to $13,260 per day until the violation is corrected
- Up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment for up to six months
- Up to $13,260 per violation
- Up to $1,000, imprisonment for up to six months or both
Why might OSHA write a citation and assign a $0.00 penalty?
OSHA often assigns a $0.00 penalty in order to write a large number of citations without it being unrealistically expensive for you.However, this is typically only done once; if OSHA finds the same violations in the future; it may cite you for a “willful” or “repeated” violation and assign a penalty.
Be sure to start with a clean slate. All violations from previous inspections should be cleared, or you may be assigned large penalties.
What should I do if I receive citations following an OSHA inspection?
- Pay the citations.
- OSHA may offer a reduction in the penalty if it feels the inspection otherwise went well; it will ask you to agree to pay the penalty early in order to pay the discounted amount.
- If you strongly disagree with one or more citations, send OSHA a letter of “Notice of Contest” within 15 working days of the inspection. A verbal statement expressing your desire to contest a citation is not enough. The Notice of Contest must clearly identify the basis for filing the citation, the notice of proposed penalty, the abatement period or notification of failure to correct violations.
- The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) will assign your notice to an administrative law judge. Legally invalid notices will be dismissed. Valid notices will be scheduled for a hearing. You will have the right to participate in the hearing.
- You can appeal the administrative judge’s decision to the OSHRC. An OSHRC ruling can be appealed to the appropriate federal court of appeals.